Francis turbine working principle. Energy conversion from PE to KE is gradual.

Francis turbine working principle Image Source PENSTOCK: Penstock transfer water from reservoir to the turbine. This hydro turbine consists of several essential components that work together to ensure efficient power generation. You will also understand the complete working of this turbine in detail with video tutorial. It uses the impulse for and reaction force of the water flowing through the blades to spin and produce electricity more efficiently. As the water traverses this casing, its pressure decreases while maintaining a consistent speed. The major components are the scroll casing, guide vanes, runner blades, and draft tube. This guide will provide an in-depth analysis of Francis turbines, including their design, working principles, advantages, and applications. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. How it Works Water flows into the scroll case from the penstock. History The Francis turbine was invented by James B Francis in the 1850s. This video is aimed at giving a conceptual Jun 26, 2021 · The Francis turbine is a combo of a reaction turbine and impulse turbines. A reaction turbine is usually well suited for low heads. So lets start with the definition, Pelton Wheel Turbine Definition: Pelton Wheel Turbine is the type of impulse or hydraulic turbine which is used for high heads for the generation of power. It is a large diameter Aug 25, 2015 · PUBLISHED ON August 25, 2015 ENERGY How does Francis Turbine work ? Francis turbines are the most preferred hydraulic turbines. The key components of a Francis turbine include a scroll casing, guide vanes, runner, and draft tube. A radial flow hydraulic turbine of reaction type was first developed by an American Engineer, James B. A Francis turbine operates based on a well-defined working principle that enables the extraction of energy from flowing water. General differences between Francis and Kaplan turbines Kaplan turbine is more compact in cross-section and has lower rotational speed to that of Francis turbine. 1. Aug 28, 2025 · Working Principle of the Kaplan Turbine With Diagram This turbine is one sort of axial flow reaction turbines. So lets start our topic without further delay, What is Turbine? A turbine Mar 31, 2024 · In this article, you will learn about What is Reaction Turbine? and How It Works? Its Parts, Types, Advantages, and Applications with PDF. Additionally, it covers the definitions of hydraulic, mechanical, and overall efficiencies relevant Feb 3, 2019 · Describe the working of Francis Turbine - M5. In this article, we will examine the components of reaction turbines & reaction turbines in depth. A Francis turbine consists of the following main parts: Spiral casing: The spiral casing around the runner of the turbine is known as the volute casing or scroll case. Figure 1. Notes: The PDF you can download the end of the articles. It is one of the most commonly used turbines in hydroelectric power plants across the world due to its adaptability to various water head and discharge conditions. The Francis turbine was developed by James B. Impulse and reaction turbines are discussed, and the properties of each. The power is the combination of both the kinetic energy of the flowing water and hydrostatic head. It is a combination of both a reaction turbine and an impulse turbine. The flowing water is accelerated in the distributor by the adjustable guide vanes and directed onto the blades. The inlet of turbine is in spiral shape. Oct 21, 2024 · Discover the comprehensive workings of the Francis Turbine, its components, operating principles, applications in India, advantages, disadvantages, and its pivotal role in India's renewable energy landscape. It was invented in Lowell, Massachusetts by James Francis in 1849. This process converts water’s pressure and kinetic energy into rotational motion, which is then used to generate electricity. It has major components like a spiral casing, stationary stay vanes, adjustable guide vanes, and runner blades divided into an impulse and reaction section. andritz. The reaction turbines have multiple types, but the major types are the Kaplan turbine and the Francis turbine. Inlet pressure The difference between runner pressure is known as reaction pressure, and this type of turbine is known as reaction turbine. More importantly, his mathematical and graphical calculation methods improved Construction and working of Francis reaction turbine, Function of Draft tube, Runner Blades, Spiral casingGoverning of Pelton wheel turbine | Construction a Francis Turbine Working Principle The appearance of Francis runners can vary considerably, this is due to the conditions and speed in which the runner is expected to operate. Hydraulic Turbines Reaction Turbines Francis and Kaplan Hydraulic Turbine - Diagram, Working Principle, Construction Feb 16, 2021 · In this article we will study the Definition, Construction or Parts, Working Principle, Advantages, Disadvantages and Application [Notes & PDF] of Pelton Wheel Turbine in detail. Governing of Hydraulic Turbines “The governing of a turbine is defined as the operation by which the speed of the turbine is kept constant under all working conditions (irrespective of the load variations). Apr 3, 2024 · Thus, Francis achieved a remarkable efficiency rate of 88%. It is the most widely used turbine type in hydroelectric plants. When water flows through the moving parts the remaining pressure energy is converted to kinetic energy. [1] A Francis turbine is a type of reaction turbine used most frequently in medium- or large-scale hydroelectric plants. Ideal for students, engineers, or anyone Mar 7, 2016 · Its Operation is also very simple. The document emphasizes Fluid Mechanics and Machinery: Unit 4: Turbines Francis Turbine Characteristic, Layout Diagram, Working Principle, Efficiency, Design Calculation, Velocity triangles 20 hours ago · The working principle of the Francis turbine is based on the reaction principle, which means that both the pressure energy and kinetic energy of water are used to produce mechanical energy. Francis, Kaplan, and Pelton hydro turbines are discussed in detail, along with their working principles. Apr 2, 2025 · Nameplate data of Francis Hydraulic Turbine, Type: Vertical with single runner coupled with AC Generator rated speed of 136. Francis, propeller, and Kaplan are some commonly used reaction turbines. Francis Turbine contributes more than 60 percent of hydraulic energy capacity to the world. It describes how Francis turbines work by using both kinetic and pressure energy of flowing water. These openings convert the pressure energy of the fluid into kinetic energy just before the 20 hours ago · The working of a Francis turbine is based on the principle of energy conversion. Additionally, these turbines are beneficial as they work equally well when positioned horizontally as they do when they are oriented vertically. We know the Newton’s Third law. The schematic diagram of a Francis turbine is shown in Fig. Reading time: 1 minute Francis Turbine is a combination of both impulse and reaction turbine, where the blades rotate using both reaction and impulse force of water flowing through them producing electricity more efficiently. 6K subscribers Subscribed A Francis turbine is a type of reaction turbine used most frequently in medium- or large-scale hydroelectric plants. Production of Francis runner 10:30. Its robust and durable design compensates for the initial investment with decades of efficient operation. You can find the working principle of the Francis turbine here. These vanes direct the water flow onto the runner blades, causing the runner to spin. They are the most reliable workhorse of hydroelectric power stations. These turbines work efficiently in a broad range of operating conditions. The operation of reaction turbines is described by Newton’s third law of motion (action and reaction are equal and opposite). The document discusses the Francis turbine, which is the most commonly used water turbine today. It produces force due to the water movement over the fixed blades of the Francis Turbine: Construction, Working and Application CONSTRUCTION: Construction of Francis turbine is quite complicated, it has various components which should be arranged in proper manner and should be manufactured with high accuracy. He applied scientific principles and testing methods to produce a very efficient turbine design. In Francis turbine,a reaction turbine, there is a drop in static pressure and a drop in velocity head during energy transfer in the runner. Francis turbine is a famous type of turbine. Ongoing advancements improve performance and sustainability. The turbine is located between the high pressure water source and the low pressure water exit. Water enters the The Francis turbine is a type of reaction turbine which converts the pressure energy of the water into kinetic energy in the distributor and in the rotor. The Francis turbine is a mixed-flow turbine that uses both impulse and reaction forces of water to efficiently generate electricity. They are most commonly employed in hydroelectric power plants to produce electricity. Discover how this powerful turbine design enhances hydroelectric efficiency. Francis turbine is a hydraulic and reaction turbine and it is the most preferable hydraulic turbine. The jet, which is released into the air, is directed to curved buckets fixed on the runner’s periphery to extract the energy of water and convert it into beneficial work. What is a Reaction Turbine? A reaction turbine generates torque by reacting to the fluid’s mass or pressure. ” The governing of a turbine is necessary as, a turbine is directly coupled to an electric generator, which is required to run at a constant speed under all fluctuating loads conditions Syllabus for Unit-II Classifications, Francis, Propeller, Kaplan Turbines, construction features, velocity diagrams and analysis, DOR, draft tubes- types and analysis, cavitations causes and remedies, specific speed, performance characteristics and governing of reaction turbines, selection of turbines. Francis Turbine Cross Section Although there are different variations of the Francis Learn about the Francis Turbine's construction, working principles, advantages, and key applications. Unit 2 Reaction Turbine In reaction turbines the runner utilizes both potential and kinetic energies. The Francis Turbine working principle is based on the reaction principle, where water pressure energy and kinetic energy are converted into mechanical energy as water flows through the turbine. Diagram of Francis Turbine 3. com/ In this video, I explained Francis Turbine and following topic. Image used courtesy of Munir Ahmad Reaction Turbine Francis is a type of reaction turbine where the runner and the draft tube are filled with water. The purpose of Francis turbine is a famous type of turbine. Water enters the runner and flows towards the center of the wheel in the radial direction and leaves parallel to the axis of the turbine. Kinetic turbines are also a type of reaction turbine. Francis Water Turbine Construction This is a combination of both reaction & impulse turbine, where the blades in this turbine turn with both impulse & reaction water supply force so that it generates electricity very efficiently. Majorly there are 2 turbines flow patterns on which they work, namely radial and axial Francis turbine is explained along with its basics, definitions, working principle, parts, advantages, disadvantages, a lot of diagrams etc. These types of turbines are utilized to generate electricity in hydropower plants. Water enters the turbine through the spiral casing, which surrounds the guide vanes. Pelton wheel is an impulse type of water turbine. Working Principle of the Francis Turbine In these types of reaction turbines, water enters axially from the surroundings of the turbine towards the central point. As the water flows through the stationary parts of the turbine, whole of its pressure energy is not transferred to kinetic energy. Francis turbines are the most commonly used Hydro turbines. Water enters the spiral casing and is directed by the stay vanes and guide vanes to strike the runner Francis Turbine is a combination of both impulse and reaction turbine, where the blades rotate using both reaction and impulse force of water. In this way, the working fluid, which is often water, changes the pressure while moving within the turbine and produces energy. It describes how the Francis turbine uses both the kinetic and pressure energy of water to drive the turbine runner. Aug 28, 2025 · Francis turbine supplies about 60 percent of the global hydropower capacity, mainly because it can work efficiently under a wide range of working conditions. May 10, 2025 · The unique feature of the Francis turbine is that water enters radially and exits axially, making it efficient for a wide range of operating conditions. Francis Turbine Cross Section Although there are different variations of the Francis Apr 6, 2025 · Learn about the principles, configurations, operational parameters and technological advances that redefine hydraulic turbines and their current applications. Francis Turbine Working & Principles 2097 Added 2 years ago likithurs in art & design GIFs Source: Watch the full video | Create GIF from this video The document describes the components and working principle of a Francis turbine, an inward flow reaction turbine with radial discharge. Francis Turbine Working Principle 1:23. Francis turbines are now the most History The Francis turbine was invented by James B Francis in the 1850s. Oct 5, 2016 · On this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics Francis Turbine: Construction, working and velocity triangles | Reaction Turbine (Hindi) Construction of Inlet and Outlet Velocity Triangle | Impact of Jet | Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics Francis turbines - a staple in hydroelectric power plants Francis turbines, a staple in hydroelectric power plants, operate on a fascinating principle. Only part of the total head presented to the machine is converted to velocity head before entering the runner. Introduction This article discusses hydroelectric turbine types, their designs, categorizations, and typical applications. It details its main components, including the penstock, casing, guide vanes, and the mechanism of operation, highlighting its high efficiency and application in generating electricity and pumped storage. In hydropower stations, this type is most frequently used for electricity production within hydropower stations. Manufacture and assembly of Francis turbine spiral casing 7:08. In this, the jet after Jun 12, 2021 · An Impulse turbine is a type of turbine which is used for Electrical Energy. P. M. In order to understand the way it produces power, the Nov 12, 2025 · The main types are impulse turbines (like Pelton wheel) and reaction turbines (like Francis and Kaplan turbines). The two most common types of reaction turbines are Propeller (including Kaplan) and Francis. Francis turbine supplies about 60 percent of the global hydropower capacity, mainly because it can work efficiently under a wide range of working conditions. Francis turbine Generator Production 13:09. Upon exiting the volute, the Jun 3, 2025 · At its core, the Kaplan turbine working principle revolves around its being a type of axial flow reaction turbine with a pressure head range of 0-60m. Newton’s third law of motion (actions and reactions are equal but opposite in direction) describes the working of the reaction turbine (RT). Component of Francis Turbi Oct 22, 2021 · Francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine and used for medium heads. Performance Characteristics of Francis Turbine INTRODUCTION The Francis turbine is a reaction turbine, in which the fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine, giving up its energy. Cavitation is one of the main challenges in maintenance due to the wear it can cause. The turbine consists of: (1) Scroll casing which is case that contain the guide vanes and the runner. A reaction turbine has fixed rotor blades and a rotating nozzle. There are two turbines flow patterns based on working In 1848 James B. Conclusion The Francis turbine is a key technology in hydroelectric power. Francis turbines are built with either horizontal or vertical Also Read: Difference Between Impulse and Reaction Turbine Francis Turbine Working Principle, Main Parts, Diagram and Application What is Impulse Turbine – Working Principle, Main Parts, Types and Application Working The water from the pen-stock enters into the scroll casing. Francis developed the first inward radial Construction And Working Principle Of Francis Turbine Francis Turbine Operation And Working Principle Mr Electro Working Of Francis Turbine YouTube Construction And Working Principle Of Boiling Water Reactor BWR Hydro Turbine Comparisons Explained SaVRee 2022 Construction And Working Principle Of Transformer Francis inlet scroll at the Grand Coulee Dam Side view cutaway of a vertical Francis Welcome to channel Saral mechanicalAbout this videoWorking of francis turbine in HindiFrancis turbine working animationFrancis turbine workingWorking princip May 10, 2025 · The working of a Francis turbine involves guiding pressurized water through a spiral casing and guide vanes to curved runner blades. In this video, we explain the Francis Turbine in detail — including its working principle, main components, and its advantages and disadvantages. Oct 25, 2014 · Francis turbine is a reaction turbine. Sir James Francis invented the Francis turbine in Lowell, Massachusetts in the 1840s by redesigning an earlier Boyden turbine to significantly increase efficiency from 65% to 88%. 4 R. Francis (1815-92) and is named after him as the Francis turbine. Apr 16, 2020 · Francis Turbine || construction and Working Hello student, In this video I explained the construction and working of Francis Turbine. Francis turbine is used for the production of electricity in hydro power stations. It contributes about 60 percentage of the global hydropower capacity, mainly because it can work efficiently under a wide range of operating conditions. It consists of spiral casing, guide mechanism and draft tube of Kaplan turbine runner are similar to those of Francis turbine. Throughout its length, it has numerous openings at regular intervals to allow the working fluid to impinge on the blades of the runner. rate of flow) can be controlled by adjusting the pitch of the Reaction turbines are generally used for sites with lower head and higher flows and are the most common type currently used in the United States. Introduction of Francis Turbine. Aug 30, 2022 · Francis turbine / Francis turbine working animation / Francis turbine working principle / Turbine 14 Dislike 0 In this video 3 most commonly used hydraulic turbines, Pelton, Francis & Kaplan are compared on the basis of their working principle and usability. Energy conversion from PE to KE is gradual. The Francis turbine operates under medium water heads (45-400 meters) and also which are guiding types and it is employed to have medium discharge (10-700 cube meters per second). Mar 25, 2019 · Operating parameters of Francis Turbine Head: 40 m to 600 m RPM: 75 to 1000 Power output: Few KW to 800 MW Working principle of Francis Turbine As discussed above, It is a type of reaction turbine. This turbine is used for medium heads with medium discharge. May 25, 2024 · Operating Principle The operation of a Francis turbine involves several key steps and relies on both the principles of fluid dynamics and energy conversion: Water Entry: Water enters the turbine through the spiral casing, which reduces turbulence and ensures a smooth flow towards the guide vanes. In this article we will learn about how Francis Turbine - working principle, Main components, Diagram and application. Each type is suitable for different working conditions, ensuring efficient use of water energy for mechanical and electrical power generation. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today, and can achieve over 95% efficiency. The redirection and further acceleration of the water in the Working Principle of Francis Turbine The working principle of the Francis turbine is discussed in the following lines: a) Water first enters the runner of the Francis Turbine through guide vanes or wicket gates, adjustable for flow control. 20 hours ago · The Francis turbine is classified as a reaction type turbine and more specifically, as a mixed flow reaction turbine. The water volume entering the turbine per time unit (i. In the previous article, we discussed the Francis turbine. #FrancisTurbine #Turbine Hello Friends In this video, We will study about Francis turbine, We will try to understand the following terms in this video. This video explain the Construction and Working Principle of Pelton Wheel Turbine and Function of each Component, Main components of Pelton Wheel Basic Civil & Mechanical Engineering: UNIT IV: d. A reaction turbine is a type of turbine in which the working fluid comes to the turbine under great pressure and the energy is extracted by the turbine blades from the working fluid (generally water Jan 4, 2022 · This short video shows how a Francis Turbine works and what are its principles. Widely used due to versatility and high efficiency. The water is fed in the distributor by means of a spiral housing. He was able to redesign the existing Boyden turbine to significantly increase its efficiency from 65% to 88%. In the impulse turbines, the total head These types of turbines have been used for over 100 years for the generation of industrial power & at present used for the generation of hydropower energy. Water enters these turbines radially meaning that In an impulse turbine, the potential energy of the water or the water head is converted into kinetic energy at first by discharging water through a carefully shaped nozzle. This article discusses an overview of a Francis turbine, construction with working & its applications. James Francis applied mathematical principles when designing the Francis turbine and created a turbine with an efficiency exceeding 90%. In a reaction turbine, unlike in an impulse turbine, the nozzles that discharge the working fluid are attached to the rotor. 2. This document discusses different types of turbines, focusing on Francis turbines. It operates in wide altitude and flow ranges, with high efficiency at heights less than 800 meters. That is to say, the water does work when passing through the blades in the radial and axial directions, so it is called a Search "working of francis turbine" @drawingacademy7936 Working Principle of Francis Turbine 216 Dislike 1 Mar 16, 2022 · Turbine speed range lies between 75 and 1000 rpm. Apr 6, 2020 · Introduction To Francis Turbine – Diagram, Working Principle. Main Working Principle The working of a Francis turbine involves the smooth transition of water from the spiral casing to the runner blades, using both pressure and velocity to generate rotation. It discusses aspects such as velocity at different points, forces exerted by jets on the turbine buckets, and the work done by the jet on the runner. Learn about hydroelectric power plants, types of turbines, and their working principles. 13 Fluid Mechanics in Tamil AUmech-in-tamil 67. Pumped storage power stations use Francis turbines because the runner can act as both a hydraulic pump and hydraulic turbine. In this article, we are going to discuss the Definition, Construction or Parts, Working principles, Efficiency, Advantages Introduction To Francis Turbine – The Francis turbine is a mixed flow reaction turbine. Working of Hydro turbines are explained here The document provides a detailed overview of Francis turbines, focusing on their main components, velocity triangles, and efficiency calculations. It has a radial-axial design and guide vanes are variable pitch but the runner blades are fixed. May 25, 2024 · Design and Working Principle of Francis Turbine Francis turbines consist of the following main parts: the spiral casing, guide vanes, runner blades, and the draft tube. Francis Turbine - Inlet and outlet Velocity Triangles May 21, 2025 · The Ultimate Guide to Francis Turbines Francis turbines are a vital component in the world of hydropower generation, recognized for their efficiency and versatility in various applications. Key components include the spiral casing, stay vanes, guide vanes, runner blades, and draft tube. what is francis turbine, how francis turbine works, runner, guide Nov 26, 2018 · The Francis turbine is an internal flow reaction hydraulic turbine that combines both radial flow and axial flow concepts. Its efficient design converts water energy into electricity. e. Subject - Thermal EngineeringChapter - Construction and Working of Francis TurbineTimestamps0:00 - Start0:07 - Francis Turbine0:10 - Working of Francis Turbi The Francis turbine is one of the most widely used turbines for hydroelectric power generation. These turbines can be used for heads as low as 2 meters and as high as 300 meters. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to explain the different aspects of the Kaplan turbine. It is a type of reaction turbine in which the working fluid comes to turbine under very extreme and immense pressure and so the energy is extracted by the moving turbine blades and vanes from the working fluid. Sir James B. These turbines have two operating concepts (axial and… The Francis turbine is a reaction turbine which means that the working substance, during its way through the turbine, changes pressure, whereby it loses its energy to the runner. The water flow of Francis turbine enters the runner radially and leaves the runner axially, pushes the runner when passing through the blades in the axial direction, and also pushes the runner when passing downwards through the blades. When water flows from the head race through the penstock, it enters the spiral casing and passes through the guide vanes. This article explains the Francis turbine working principle, components, and applications. Today in this article we will learn what is impulse turbine and All the terms like Definition, Types, Component, Working Principle, Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages in detail. Waterwheels had been used to complete useful work for over 1,000 years, but they were inefficient. Turbines are subdivided into impulse and reaction machines. It details how water enters through guide vanes and exits through a draft tube, with the runner blades converting the hydraulic energy to kinetic energy driving rotation. Francis turbines The reaction turbines are used all over the world for electricity production. Following are the main components of Francis turbine. The document summarizes the key components and operating principles of the Francis turbine, a common type of water turbine. Francis, while working as head engineer of the Locks and Canals company in the water-powered factory city of Lowell, Massachusetts, improved on these designs to create a turbine with 90% efficiency. A Francis turbine. The document discusses the Francis turbine, an inward flow reaction turbine used for medium heads (45-400 meters) and medium discharge (10-700 cubic meters per second). Working of Francis turbine is explained in this video in a step by step logical manner, with help of animation. Unlike the impulse-based Pelton turbine, which operates optimally within a pressure head range of 300m-1600m, or the mixed-flow Francis turbine, best suited for a pressure head range of 60m-300m . The journey begins with high-pressure water entering the turbine through the snail-shell casing, known as the volute. 3-D animation of the working principle of a small hydropower plant with a Francis turbine http://www. Francis Turbine is a combination of both impulse and reaction turbine, where the blades rotate using both reaction and impulse force Turbine speed range lies between 75 and 1000 rpm. The Pelton wheel is the most famous sample of an Aug 28, 2022 · Introduce 0:30. Francis around 1855. noora efibf ngo bkrefq gmt wjklb xrzl pacwtn xgwalyp rprx yqmm mpp ydtg qvh nqetn