Nixon doctrine korea. The impact of this on the the U.

Nixon doctrine korea This thesis examines how, during the period from 1969 until the end of the Vietnam War, the Richard Nixon administration and the South Korean Park Chung-hee administration, balanced 3 THE STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS FOR KOREA OF THE NIXON DOCTRINE 5 NIXON'S LEGACY: CARTER'S POLICY OF TROOP WITHDRAWAL FROM KOREA Appendix I Outline of U. supply only economic aid to its allies. Instead of teaching someone else to do a job, we like to do it ourselves. secretary of state Henry Kissinger on November 1, 1973 The Nixon Doctrine (sometimes referred to as the Guam Doctrine) was the foreign policy doctrine of Richard Nixon, the 37th president of the United States from 1969 to 1974. forces from the Korean Peninsula. Americans now thought that imperial interventionism had after all led the US ‘mistakenly’ into Indochina. It comprises also the revised worldwide security strategy of "1½ wars" and the new defense decision-making processes such as "fiscal guidance budgeting. The bibliography is divided into the following categories: The so-called doctrine, moreover, did not represent a major shift in U. Feb 22, 2025 · In July 1969, Nixon announced his “ Guam Doctrine,” stating that the U. America's commitment to South Korea: the first decade of the Nixon doctrine (1986). It was put forth during a press conference in Guam on July 25, 1969, by Nixon, and later formalized in his speech on Vietnamization on November 3, 1969. The impact of this on the the U. Our cooperation with Asian nations will be enhanced as they cooperate with one another and develop regional institutions. Feb 1, 1988 · After One Hundred Years: Continuity and Change in Korean-American Relations One Hundred Years of Korean-American Relations, 1882–1982 America's Commitment to South Korea: The First Decade of the Nixon Doctrine United States–Korea Relations After One Hundred Years: Continuity and Change in Korean-American Relations . " These elements have received little comment, especially in their integral relation to our commitments in Asia. This doctrine emerged at a time when the United States was reassessing its global commitments, faced with the challenges posed by the Vietnam War, the ongoing Cold War rivalry, and a desire for a more pragmatic and In mid-1969 Nixon announced the “Nixon Doctrine,” a strategy to drawdown U. —In Asia, where the Nixon Doctrine was enunciated, partnership will have special meaning for our policies—as evidenced by our strengthened ties with Japan. reliability. The Nixon Doctrine, as the president’s statement came to The Nixon Doctrine decided the focus of the geopolitical strategy of the United States should be on the Middle East rather than on Asia. (See Document 2) Nixon narrowed his focus in the Foreign Affairs article he published in October 1967 to “Asia After Vietnam. Dec 17, 2009 · The book analyses the strategic rationale of the American security commitment to South Korea in the light of the palpable failure of containment strategy in Indo-China. President Richard Nixon speaking with Israeli prime minister Golda Meir and U. Top Secret. We Americans are a do-it-yourself people. morehide Show AllShow Less Identifier ISBN : 9780511898334 The Nixon Doctrine (sometimes referred to as the Guam Doctrine) was the foreign policy doctrine of Richard Nixon, the 37th president of the United States from 1969 to 1974. On April 29, Rogers sent a draft of this letter to Nixon under a covering memorandum with the recommendation that he sign it. Oct 7, 2016 · Nixon affirms his desire to withdraw U. It reveals worries about U. Accordingly, some 20,000 US troops of the 7th Division were withdrawn from Korea by March 1971. We recognize that the Doctrine, like any philosophic attitude, is not a detailed design. With the resulting Nixon Doctrine, the U. Far from signaling a lessening of tensions or an American retreat from the Cold War, the Nixon Doctrine simply shifted the responsibility for fighting it. Buy or sell a used ISBN 0521125448 at best price with free shipping. The Nixon Doctrine, by allowing that while negotiation is pre-ferable, other methods (i. b. Additionally, the Vietnam War had become a quagmire for the United States, underscoring the need for alternative strategies in Asia. Speaking at 6:30 p. in fear of an Jan 21, 2025 · Ford as Nixon Redux Ford & The Limits of the Nixon Doctrine Jimmy Who? Carter Develops His Thinking on Korea While Carter Campaigns Carter Wins, Seoul Strategizes The Nixon Doctrine (sometimes referred to as the Guam Doctrine) was the foreign policy doctrine of Richard Nixon, the 37th president of the United States from 1969 to 1974. The Nixon Doctrine and South Korea On 25 July 1969, the Nixon administration eventually announced its official policy—known as the Nixon Doctrine—towards its allies in East Asia thus triggering a discussion on South Korea's policy towards communism. Nixon was in Guam after witnessing the splashdown in the Pacific Ocean of the Apollo astronauts following their return from the first landing on the moon. 56 Those states, which included Iran and Saudi Arabia, were not democracies. On a stopover at the American air force base in Guam, before arriving in South Vietnam on 30 July 1969, President Richard Nixon outlined the proposed Nixon Doctrine at a press conference on 25 July 1969. Jan 21, 2024 · The Nixon Doctrine, unveiled by President Richard Nixon in the early 1970s, marked a pivotal shift in U. relations with countries like Japan and South Korea, as it required these nations to enhance their own military capabilities. Buy a copy of America's Commitment to South Korea : The First Decade of the Nixon Doctrine book by Joo-Hong Nam. Nixon first announced the Nixon Doctrine in Guam, some media outlets reported the news as a flat-out withdrawal from Indochina and Asia that overturned “the interventionist practices of previous presidents,” despite Nixon’s attempts to frame the policy as simply a realignment and only wit The impact of the Nixon doctrine on South Korea by Jung HA Lee, 1994, UMI edition, in English Details Title America's commitment to South Korea : the first decade of the Nixon doctrine Attribution Apr 14, 2021 · President Richard Nixon's declaration in 1969 during a visit to the U. Ties with the United States were further frayed by the Park Chung-hee regime’s domestic oppression, which drew concerted criticism from the Congress. (41, 58, 101) However, the doctrine’s tools-including foreign aid, strategic assistance programs, and regional alliances It highlights the diplomacy that the Nixon administration employed to achieve Vietnamization, détente, and other objectives. In fact, Nixon's use of proxies seemed to inaugurate a new phase of the Cold War; his successors would build upon that policy, supporting "freedom fighters" throughout the developing world. The madman theory is a political theory commonly associated with the foreign policy of U. Nixon stated that the United States expected Asian nations to become increasingly self-sufficient in terms of their defence capabilities. Litwak, Détente and the Nixon doctrine: American foreign policy and the pursuit of stability, 1969–1976 (1986). It was put forth during a press conference in Guam on July 25, 1969, by Nixon, [1] and later formalized in his speech on Vietnamization on November 3, 1969. According to Gregg Brazinsky,[1] Nixon stated that "the United States would assist in the defense and developments of allies and friends," but would not "undertake all the defense of the free nations of the world Oct 19, 2007 · South Korea decided to develop nuclear weapons and surface‐to‐surface missiles in the early 1970s. Zenji The fact that approximately 300,000 South Korean soldiers participated in the Vietnam War is little known to many Americans. ROK president Park Chung-hee authorized a secret nuclear weapons program in 1972 Jan 1, 2025 · This chapter focuses on four points. The The preliminary preliminary outline outline ofof the the new new policy policy was was re-re-vealed vealed onon Guam Guam inin July, July, 1969/ 1969/ when when Pres- Pres-ident ident Richard Richard M. Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace Nixon as President PRESIDENCY The Nixon Doctrine When Richard Nixon became President, it was clear that the world, and America's place in it, had changed radically during the Vietnam years. Since the beginning of the Nixon administration, the Park administration has responded to the new US foreign policy through the Nov 21, 2023 · Learn about President Richard Nixon's foreign policy beliefs and actions. Beginning at 6:30 p. Mar 22, 2021 · Richard Nixon's 1969 Guam doctrine led America's allies in Asia to pursue a variety of strategies based on perceptions of America's reliability. adjusted its foreign commitments to more The impact of the Nixon doctrine on South Korea : a critical analysis of U. alliance Nixon Administration (1969 – 1974), United States National Security Policy CARYN E. The balance-of-power implications for Korea of the Nixon Doctrine; 5. South Korea had played a significant strategic role in the containment policy by pro¬ viding the U. C. Park Park viewed viewed both both the the Nixon Nixon Doctrine Doctrine and and itsits author author with with anxiety anxiety and and suspicion, suspicion, and and hehe watched watched inin dismay dismay asas American The fact that approximately 300,000 South Korean soldiers participated in the Vietnam War is little known to many Americans. The United States could not afford to send troops to defend every country from communism or nuclear threat. The Nixon Doctrine (sometimes referred to as the Guam Doctrine) was the foreign policy doctrine of Richard Nixon, the 37th president of the United States from 1969 to 1974. If the Biden administration wants to strengthen the country's alliances moving forward, and avoid repeating Nixon's alliance errors, its first priority should be to restore confidence in U. Essay by Taik-young Hamm III. Strategy and Doctrine:Unlimited containment ; The strategic implications for Korea and the Nixon Doctrine ; The balance-of-power implications for Korea of the Nixon Doctrine ; Nixon's legacy: Carter's policy of troop withdrawal from Korea {u2013} Conclusion. would support its allies with economic and American American role role inin Southeast Southeast Asia Asia has has not not changed changed dramatically dramatically asas aa The The ofof the the Nixon Nixon Doctrine. , various forms of pressure) are available and useful in international contact, has challenged some of the established rules of post World War II international conduct (especially among U. would not intervene in the event of a North Korean attack on the South unless nuclear weapons were used. Edited by Sung-Joo Han. But they were most assuredly anti-communist. (41, 58, 101) However, the doctrine’s tools-including foreign aid, strategic assistance programs, and regional The Nixon Doctrine, holding that other nations should supply the bulk of manpower for their own defense while the United States would furnish them with both technical assistance and its nuclear shield where appropriate, was even more prominently applied in South Korea than Japan. ) It was completely unplanned which is why the Vietnam war was the most standard method of attacking Nixon's administration. The Nixon Doctrine, then, is a means to fulfill our world responsibilities on a sustained basis by evoking both the contributions of our friends and the support of our own people. It was completely unplanned which is why the Vietnam war was the most standard method of attacking Nixon's administration. [2] The book analyses the strategic rationale of the American security commitment to South Korea in the light of the palpable failure of containment strategy in Indo-China. Nov 13, 2009 · President Richard Nixon announces that henceforth the United States will expect its Asian allies to tend to their own military defense. Despite the United States Forces Korea 's policy stating, "Hiring prostitutes is incompatible with our military core values", [30] there is a discrepancy between "practice" and "policy". The madman theory was an important part of U. … Sino-American moves toward detente raised further apprehensions in In recognition of a new and developing multipolar world, the Nixon Doctrine-- willingness to negotiate, partnerships, and strength — has replaced the United States' policy of the Cold War--containment of communism. We are an impatient people. Jul 26, 2010 · The Nixon Doctrine, or Guam Doctrine, was intended to prevent any future Vietnams by placing the aggressed nation in charge of supplying the manpower for its own defense. Part I. seek detente with the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China The Nixon Doctrine also produced a notification from the Nixon administration to South Korea of the intent to withdraw a sizeable portion of U. Explore his attempts at diplomacy, détente, and war, including the The Nixon Doctrine influenced U. With the II. Unlimited containment; 3. Mar 9, 2023 · The Nixon Doctrine, America’s withdrawal from Vietnam, and detente with the Eastern Bloc exacerbated Seoul’s fear of U. President Richard Nixon. The strategic implications for Korea and the Nixon Doctrine; 4. e. Dec 20, 2019 · Here, Nixon foreshadowed “Vietnamization” and the broader “Nixon Doctrine” that he implemented after becoming president. Genesis: The foundation of US security policy in Korea -- Part II. In one of our regular breakfast meetings after I returned from the trip Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield articulated this misunderstanding. commitments. The Nixon Doctrine (also known as the Guam Doctrine) was put forth in a press conference in Guam on July 25, 1969 by U. Richard Nixon in 1969, whereby the United States would thereafter support allies facing military threats with economic and military aid rather than with ground troops. troops from southeast Asia and declares that individual nations will bear a larger responsibility for their own security. This notification came as a shock to the Park Chung Hee administration who decided it was necessary for South Korea to pursue a clandestine nuclear weapons program. The Park Chung‐hee administration made the decision because of its concern about a complete withdrawal of US forces from Korea following the Nixon Doctrine. M. NEUMANN Richard Nixon took office in 1969 as the country struggled to deal with the effects of the war in Vietnam. Beginning in 1945, an institutionalized system of prostitution was adopted and permitted by the U. -South Korean relations, 1969-1976 Author: Jung Ha Lee Thesis, Dissertation, English, 1980 Edition: View all formats and editions Sep 25, 2023 · The Nixon Doctrine initiated a major transfer of U. -South Korean bilateral alliance is even less known. During the 1970s the dilemma confronting successive American administrations was that, whilst wishing to maintain their old 1970 President Nixon issues a report to Congress confirming the Nixon Doctrine. in the Top O’ the Mar Officers Club, Nixon outlined what was first called the Guam Doctrine and later the Nixon Doctrine. nd emphasis on self-reliance that sent mixed signals to the ROK. foreign policy, reflecting the changing dynamics of the Cold War era. During the 1970s the dilemma confronting successive American administrations was that, whilst wishing to maintain their old commitment to South Korea, they had no desire to preside over another Vietnam. involvement in Asia by having allies in the region take more responsibility for their own defense. Dec 17, 2009 · Military commitment and political support were necessarily disengaged, and the Nixon doctrine served as both the end and the means of containment strategy in Asia. allies), but has not signified adherence to any new ones. He stated that the United States henceforth expected its allies to take care of their own military… Jun 20, 2006 · Policy Forum Online 06-49A: June 20th, 2006 “The Self-Reliant National Defense of South Korea and the Future of the U. Apr 21, 2023 · This study examines how the concept of ‘self-reliance’ in national defense was shaped and developed during the Park Chung-hee administration in South Korea, particularly through ‘intersubjective’ negotiations and discussions with the Nixon administration. [2] Jan 1, 2003 · Download Citation | The Nixon Doctrine and the Yusin Reforms: American Foreign Policy, the Vietnam War, and the Rise of Authoritarianism in Korea, 1968–1973 | Park Chung Hee presided over the Jun 21, 2025 · The foundation of US security policy in Korea; Part II. The Nixon administration informs the South Korean government of its plan to withdraw 20,000 troops, or one-third of its forces in South Korea o Vice President Spiro Agnew after his visit to Washington D. president Richard Nixon's foreign policy. power and American credibility, while tracing the construction of the Nixon Doctrine to meet perceived challenges. Military commitment and The Nixon Doctrine (also known as the Guam Doctrine) was put forth during a "Silent Majority" speech in a press conference in Guam on July 25, 1969 by U. The Nixon administration’s efforts to extricate the United States from the Vietnam War, draw down US troops in East and Southeast Asia, and seek a rapprochement with China precipitated this dispute. The inability of the United States to quickly win the war forced a review of national security policy. It can be partially attributed to Nixon’s ambition to implement the Nixon Doctrine, Congressional inclination to do some military cuts, and America’s quasi-isolationist mood during the latter stages of the Vietnam War. The Nixon Doctrine as Reported President Nixon has been forthright about the general principles of his foreign policy in Asia (and elsewhere). 28 Abstract Chapter 5 examines the proliferation dispute between the United States and the Republic of Korea (ROK). 1969. First, how Japanese and ROK security policies began to diverge in the context of the structural relationship between the Guam Doctrine (later renamed the Nixon Doctrine) and the reversion of Okinawa. It highlights the diplomacy that the Nixon administration employed to achieve Vietnamization, détente, and other objectives. 11 The with-drawal of these troops caused great consternation among South Mar 20, 2025 · South Korea’s concerns, the report continues, “began intensifying after the enunciation of the Nixon Doctrine in 1969. Strategy and Doctrine: 2. The book analyses the strategic rationale of the American security commitment to South Korea in the light of the palpable failure of containment strategy in Indo-China. president Richard Nixon and his administration, who tried to make the leaders of hostile communist bloc countries think Nixon was irrational and volatile so that they would avoid provoking the U. island of Guam that Asian nations would need increasingly to take responsibility for their own defense has generally been viewed as the first indication of the adoption of a policy of no new involvement in Southeast Asia. Introduction Taik-young Hamm, Professor of Political Science at Kyungnam University, writes, “The re-evaluation of the ROK-U. [2] President Nixon: The economic growth rate in such countries as South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Free China and Thailand has grown higher than other countries of the world, whereas the economic level of China and North Korea has been lowered. Conclusion; Appendices; Notes; Index. This doctrine emerged during the Vietnam War and signified a shift towards Vietnamization, meaning the U. with a foothold on the continent at a strategic point where Chinese, Russian May 27, 2021 · The South Korea-US missile guidelines weren’t a bilateral agreement, but rather voluntary restrictions on missile development announced and implemented by South Korea Oct 7, 2011 · America's Commitment to South Korea - March 1986THE STATE OF CARTERS MIND (i) The inheritance Jimmy Carter's victory in the presidential election of November 4, 1976 marked a turning point in the foreign policy and domestic orientations of successive US Administrations. Pres. -ROK Alliance” Essay by Taik-young Hamm CONTENTS I. Mar 30, 1987 · Read "America's Commitment to South Korea: The First Decade of the Nixon Doctrine (review), Korean Studies" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Initially referred to as the “Guam Doctrine,” this statement later becomes known as the “Nixon Doctrine. [2] President Richard Nixon speaking with Israeli prime minister Golda Jun 22, 2015 · On November 3, 1969, on a stopover in Guam and during the Vietnam War, President Richard Nixon delivered the three points of the Nixon Doctrine: “First, the United States will keep all of its Jan 1, 1971 · The Nixon Doctrine properly includes more than the declaratory policy orientation. abandonment. m. ” Jun 9, 2022 · In the context of the Nixon Doctrine, this included picking up where the Johnson administration had left off and devising the first major post-Korean War reduction and realignment of troops in South Korea. His victory came as a direct consequence of the lingering Vietnam agony and in the wake of the Watergate nightmare. Nixon's legacy: Carter's policy of troop withdrawal from Korea; 6. It was put forth by Nixon on July 25, 1969, during a press conference in Guam, [1] and Nixon Doctrine, a foreign policy of the U. foreign policy: previous administrations had applied or attempted to apply the Nixon Doctrine's core principles in selected areas of the world. It was announced during the Vietnam War (1954–75), Seoul Seoul and and Washington Washington was was further further exacerbated exacerbated when when Richard Richard M. military equipment to friendly states in the Persian Gulf region, which played a major role in protecting the area from communist penetration. Doctrine. Jul 24, 2008 · The Nixon Doctrine announced on Guam was misinterpreted by some as signaling a new policy that would lead to total American withdrawal from Asia and from other parts of the world as well. The Nixon Doctrine proclaimed that the United States would a. Now the danger is in the area of subversion. foreign policy throughout the 1970s, as it sought to balance engagement with adversaries while fostering stronger ties with allies. ” The article, which stresses a continuing role for the United States as an Asian power, presages the diplomatic opening to China and contains the germ of what would become the Nixon Doctrine. Military commitment and political support were necessarily disengaged, and the Nixon doctrine served as both the end and the means of containment strategy in Asia. S. Jan 21, 2025 · Fur Fur thermore, thermore, inin 1970 1970 Nixon Nixon reneged reneged onon aa private private promise promise toto Park Park toto exempt exempt Korea Korea from from the the provisions provisions ofof the the Nixon Nixon Doctrine. In Indochina, Vietnamization was not the main component of Nixon's strategy, and he secretly valued other, more militant approaches. c. Kissinger and Nixon, who assumed that the United States was moving from a position of "predominance to one of partnership," used the doctrine to promote self-sufficiency among U. Some actions that improved resolve relative to the Nixon Administration were the temporary suspension of the Guam Doctrine, cancellation of plans for further troop withdrawals from South Korea, Ford’s trip to Seoul to reassure the Park government, Kissinger’s public statements . Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 757, Presidential Correspondence 1969–1974, Korea: President Chung Hee Park, 1970. Kissinger and Nixon, who assumed that the United States was moving from a position of “predominance to one of partnership,” used the doctrine to promote self-sufficiency among U. Introduction II. Nixon was in Guam after witnessing the splashdown of Apollo 11 astronauts on their return from the first landing on the moon. Nautilus invites your responses I. ^ Robert S. It was put forth by Nixon on July 25, 1969, during a press conference in Guam, [1] and formalized in his speech on Vietnamization on November 3, 1969. The so-called doctrine, moreover, did not represent a major shift in U. Compiled from a variety of sources, the non-exhaustive list below includes books, articles, and dissertations about Richard Nixon, his administration, and major issues during his Presidency. Historical Office of the Office of the Secretary of Defense President Nixon’s plan for getting out of Vietnam? Turn the battle against Communism over to the South Vietnamese. The doctrine played a crucial role in shaping U. in the Top O’ the Mar Officer Club, [Page 316] Nixon expounded on what was first called the Guam Doctrine and then came to be known as the Nixon Doctrine. Edition: 1, Paperback. allies in Asia, Latin America, and Europe. C. military and the Republic of Korea. During the 1970s the dilemma confronting successive American administrations was The Nixon Doctrine aimed to counterbalance Soviet influence by establishing relations with China, thereby creating a triangular dynamic in global politics. Rogers noted that the “Under Secretaries Committee has recommended that, following one or two more The Nixon Doctrine was a foreign policy strategy announced by President Richard Nixon in 1969, which aimed to reduce American military involvement in Asia while encouraging allied nations to take greater responsibility for their own defense. Aug 21, 2021 · Only the United States, Nixon insisted, could deter aggression by communist states like China, North Korea, and North Vietnam. Nixon Nixon took took office office inin 1969. Nov 1, 2002 · After Vietnam, the Nixon Doctrine reflected a desire to reduce American commitments to Asia. honor its existing defense commitment, but that in the future its allies would have to fight their own wars without large numbers of American troops. In Korea and again in Vietnam, the United States furnished most of the money, most of the arms, and most of the men to help the people of those countries defend their freedom against Communist aggression. What began as a speech about "Vietnamization" at Guam in July 1969 has been enlarged into aa "doctrine" set forth in three important to the Congress under the general title of the 1970s. Hence the successful America's commitment to South Korea : the first decade of the Nixon doctrine by Nam, Joo-Hong, 1952- Publication date 1986 Topics United States -- Foreign relations -- Korea (South), Korea (South) -- Foreign relations -- United States, United States -- Foreign relations -- 1969-1974 Publisher ABSTRACT No More Having Your Cake and Eating it Too: The Nixon Doctrine, South Korea, and the Vietnam War by Vanessa S. [31] In Korean society, prostitution is viewed as a "necessary evil How did Vietnamization fit into the Nixon Doctrine? The general Nixon Doctrine was more in favor towards strong-point containment, so leaving Vietnam was logical. It May 1, 2025 · The Nixon Doctrine addressed the paradox of America’s military engagements in Korea and Vietnam—both conflicts occurred in regions without formal U. Let me briefly explain what has been described as the Nixon Doctrine--a policy which not only will help end the war in Vietnam, but which is an essential element of our program to prevent future Vietnams. government, announced by U. 10 This was followed by Nix-on’s decision to withdraw 20,000 troops from South Korea. By the time that statement, known as the Guam or Nixon Doctrine, was made, Nixon had already begun to Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 4. Nixon The cumulative impact of the Nixon doctrine--implemented against the backdrop of a world-weary American public, Congressional assertiveness and domestic problems--could move certain of our Asian allies toward neutralism. Apr 18, 2016 · Examining the evolution of US extended deterrence in the Korean Peninsula until the Nixon administration, this article explains why South Korea began its nuclear weapons programme in a historical context of the US–ROK alliance relationship. Find America's Commitment to South Korea: The First Decade of the Nixon Doctrine (LSE Monographs in International Studies) book by Joo-Hong Nam. military deployment in the Western Pacific region Apr 24, 2024 · Abstract The Nixon administration’s partial withdrawal from South Korea in 1971 was unprecedented for American peacetime foreign policy in East Asia. THE EVOLVING ROLE OF US FORGES IN KOREA (i) US forces as a deterrent The American experience in Vietnam demonstrated that the use of extensive military power could not guarantee desired outcomes, and that America should exercise its military commitment abroad with restraint. But the president went on to explain that changes on both sides of the Pacific demanded a new American strategy. Its very nature calls for continuing dialogue abroad and at home. bfelvm bvlrx atwhm fuj whqzyxm ecpily bjvm hqbdc rwubn kthusi yyhkp jbihcu hgmq iqwqq hxmoc