Solid nitrogen. Nitrogen is slightly soluble in water.

Solid nitrogen Solid nitrogen is a form of nitrogen that exists at extremely low temperatures and high pressures. What are the different phases of nitrogen? The different phases of nitrogen are gas, liquid, and solid. We show that two phases with covalent bonds in all three dimensions are energetically the most favored at pressures of $50--200 Nitrogen changes from a gas into a liquid at a temperature of -195. Herein, we first studied the structural softening of rhombohedral solid nitrogen David R. Information on this page: Other names: Nitrogen gas; N2; UN 1066; UN 1977; Dinitrogen; Molecular nitrogen; Diatomic nitrogen; Nitrogen-14 Permanent link for this species. It is an important component of the surfaces of Pluto and outer moons of the Solar System such as Neptune's Triton. A camera is zoomed in on the beaker Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7. Apr 5, 2004 · We review the phase diagram of nitrogen in a wide pressure and temperature range. Specific heat of Nitrogen Gas - N2 - at temperatures ranging 175 - 6000 K Specific heat (C) is the amount of heat required to change the temperature of a mass unit of a substance by one degree. Solid nitrogen is mainly the subject of academic research, but low-temperature, low-pressure solid nitrogen is a substantial component of bodies in the outer Solar System and high-temperature, high-pressure solid nitrogen is a powerful explosive, with higher energy density than any other non-nuclear Jan 7, 2025 · In this article, we will delve into nitrogen's properties, applications, and significance, answering common questions like what is nitrogen and exploring nitrogen facts and its formula. May 8, 2024 · View a PDF of the paper titled Understanding solid nitrogen through machine learning simulation, by Marcin Kirsz and 3 other authors Nov 5, 2024 · The many ways to orient the N2 molecule mean that the pressure-temperature phase diagram of condensed nitrogen is extremely complex. Jun 1, 2020 · Abstract A new extended solid nitrogen, referred to as post-layered-polymeric nitrogen (PLP-N, or Panda-N), was observed by further heating the layered-polymeric nitrogen (LP-N) to above 2300 K at 161 GPa. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements Jul 18, 2022 · Get facts about liquid nitrogen, plus information about common uses and how to safely handle the liquid form of the element. So, can it become a solid? Or is it impossible since it would have to be absolute zero for that to occur? - Zen (age 13) Aug 9, 2017 · Liquid nitrogen is super cold, -320 degrees Fahrenheit, but what if we could cool it down further or even freeze it into nitrogen ice? Find out here. At extremely high pressures, this phase is found to deform continuously into the metallic simple cubic structure which Jul 4, 2004 · In 1985 it was predicted 2 that at high pressure, solid molecular nitrogen would transform to an atomic solid with a single-bonded crystalline structure called polymeric nitrogen. When it freezes, it becomes a white solid that looks like snow. Under low or moderate pressure solid nitrogen contains dinitrogen molecules held together by London dispersion forces. Gaseous at room temperature. Find out how solid nitrogen is used in research, explosives and space exploration. Over this temperature range, liquid nitrogen looks much like boiling water. Solid nitrogen is mainly the subject of academic research, but low-temperature, low-pressure solid nitrogen is a substantial component of bodies in the outer Solar System and high-temperature, high-pressure solid nitrogen is a powerful explosive, with higher energy density than any other non-nuclear Liquid nitrogen is often used in medical applications, like removing warts, cysts, and small cancers. 42°F) . Neptune’s satellite Triton has five mile high, nitrogen-powered geysers. This solid nitrogen is known as nitrogen ice. Two allotropic forms of solid nitrogen exist, with the transition from the α to the β form taking place at –237°C. Given the fact that its liquid temperature is about -346 degrees Fahrenheit. In fact, the surface of Pluto is covered in a variety of ices, including This is a demonstration video showing the formation of solid nitrogen using vacuum chamber and liquid nitrogen. Aug 2, 2024 · Liquid nitrogen serves ultra-low temperatures and is nitrogen gas 's liquid state. 9 Å at 172 GPa, suggesting a lower-symmetry large-unit-cell 2D chain-like May 15, 2000 · Raman and infrared spectra of solid nitrogen have been collected between 25 K and room temperature up to 41 GPa. "This video is part of the Flinn Scientific Best Practices for Teaching C For more than a century, scientists have delved into solid phases of molecular nitrogen, as knowledge of the chemico-physical mechanisms underpinning transformations in nitrogen is vital in Solid nitrogen is a number of solid forms of the element nitrogen, first observed in 1884. From: Physical Chemistry for Engineering and Applied Sciences [2019], CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics [2016] Oct 28, 2025 · Nitrogen - Properties, Reactions, Compounds: Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless gas, which condenses at −195. In this paper, the calculated structural, electronic, phonon and mechanical properties are used to i… Freezing Nitrogen SolidWhat does solid nitrogen look like? Is it even possible for it to turn solid. 99% pure, but small amounts of very pure nitrogen gas can be obtained from the thermal decomposition of sodium azide: (18. Get periodic table facts on the chemical and physical properties of the element nitrogen (azote). " Solid nitrogen is a number of solid forms of the element nitrogen, first observed in 1884. Sep 30, 2021 · Due to the diversity of solid nitrogen structure, its phase transition has been a hot topic for many scientists. To see how cold liquid nitrogen is, we can use a tool called a thermocouple. Here the authors Feb 17, 2021 · Recent advances in the computational prediction and synthesis of polymeric allotropes of nitrogen and nitrogen-rich compounds are reviewed. A recent thorough and exhaustive review of the litera-ture [9] revealed that mechanical property data on solid nitrogen (SN2) is extremely sparse, with only three known physical strength measurements reported in the literature [10–12]. Our first-principles calculations reveal that cg-N represents a new class of covalent solids in which the atoms are threefold coordinated, yet the structure is stabilized by the presence of near-tetrahedral 𝑠 𝑝 3 -hybridized electronic states. Solid nitrogen is a translucent, crystalline solid that is formed when nitrogen is cooled to an even lower temperature. May 15, 2002 · An ionic bond between a negatively charged group of five nitrogen atoms and a second group of positively charged ones holds the compound together, making it a solid crystalline salt. Aug 2, 2025 · Explore the phases and behaviors of solid nitrogen across varying conditions. Moreover, solid nitrogen has been well extensively studied theoretically, and accurate experimental data provide an important test of condensed matter theory [4-8]. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System. Because of this high bond energy the activation energy for Solid nitrogen is a number of solid forms of the element nitrogen, first observed in 1884. About two liters of nitrogen can be dissolved in 100 liters of water. At low temperatures and pressures, nitrogen exists as a solid, commonly known as nitrogen ice. Oct 5, 2023 · The allotropy of solid molecular nitrogen is the consequence of a complex interplay between fundamental intermolecular as well as intramolecular interactions. The molecular stability of nitrogen persists to over 100 GPa, so crystal phases below that pressure involve ordering of well-defined molecules. With such a small fraction of 15 N 2 the properties of solid, natural N 2 and solid pure 14 N 2 are virtually indistinguishable. The polymeric solid formed by nitrogen under ultrahigh pressure is a very typical, ideal and vital high-energy-density material. Solid nitrogen is an important system for such studies because of the stability and simple electronic structure of the isolated molecule. Learn about the different solid forms of nitrogen, their generation, occurrence, transitions and crystal structure. Then, a new criterion, Egret criterion, was proposed to predict the whole process from beginning to end of structural phase transition of solid Nitrogen exists as two stable isotopes - 99. Nitrogen is a gas at normal **temperatures **and pressures, but at the extremely low temperatures found on Pluto's surface (which can be as low as -240 degrees Celsius), nitrogen freezes into a solid. Calculations You’ve probably heard of liquid nitrogen, but did you know nitrogen can also become a solid? By lowering the pressure around liquid nitrogen, we can make the fastest nitrogen molecules escape, which cools it down even more until it freezes into a solid. Understanding the underlying physical Jun 14, 2024 · Yes, nitrogen can form a molecular solid at low temperatures where the nitrogen molecules are arranged in a regular lattice structure. The element exists as N2 molecules, represented as :N:::N:, for which the bond energy of 226 kilocalories per mole is exceeded only by that of carbon monoxide, 256 kilocalories per mole. Begin to pump air pressure drops, the liquid nitrogen starts to cool and the solid state switch. The image shown below depicts a sample of solid nitrogen. Find out how nitrogen behaves as a liquid or a solid at low temperature and high pressure, and see the phase diagram and related topics. 02°F). The semimetallic A7 (\\ensuremath{\\alpha}-arsenic) phase is found to be the most energetically favored of the atomic phases studied which agrees with previous calculations. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be Jul 4, 2014 · U. Found in icy moons, deep within Other names: Nitrogen gas; N2; UN 1066; UN 1977; Dinitrogen; Molecular nitrogen; Diatomic nitrogen; Nitrogen-14 Permanent link for this species. Find Solid Nitrogen N Material stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference. However, the low kinetic stability of single bond in nitrogen means that these materials have to be synthesized under high pressure and temperature. The potential is trained only on high quality quantum chemical molecule-molecule interactions; no condensed phase information is used. Liquid nitrogen has a boiling point of about −196 °C (−321 °F; 77 K). 37% is 15 N with spin 1/2. Nov 5, 2024 · We construct a fast, transferable, general purpose, machine-learning interatomic potential suitable for large-scale simulations of ${\\mathrm{N}}_{2}$. 6 to 15°K is investigated using an adiabatic calorimeter of original construction. It is important that the beaker of liquid nitrogen not have frozen water vapor on its side, as the view is impaired. A careful analysis of the spectral band transformations occurring across the high pressure transitions among the δ, δ loc, ε, and ζ phases allowed to define the phase diagram in the whole P-T region investigated. This paper presents the properties of several classic solid nitrogen phases in terms of physical structures, pressure–volume compression curves, electronic band gaps, densities of states (DOS) and Raman spectra under different ultrahigh pressures. Solid nitrogen is mainly the subject of academic research, but low-temperature, low-pressure solid nitrogen is a substantial component of bodies in the outer Solar System and high-temperature, high-pressure solid nitrogen is a powerful explosive, with All chemical substances are either solid, liquid or gas. Solid 500ml (16 oz. Learn about its characteristics, applications, and how it differs from liquid and gaseous nitrogen in this visual guide. The 9 freeze heads offer a more accurate and safe handling of LN2 and is constructed with an High-quality liquid nitrogen dewars, 3L to 20L, with durable aluminum alloy, vacuum insulation, and convenient accessories. 17), I gave results regarding the crystal structure of the form of solid nitrogen, which is stable below 35. Recent optical and x-ray diffraction studies at pressures up to 300 GPa and temperatures in excess of 1000 K have provided a wealth of information on the transformation of molecular nitrogen to a nonmolecular (polymeric) semiconducting and two new molecular phases. RECENT researches on the luminescence of solidified gases have shown that systems consisting of mixtures of nitrogen with inert gases give a great variety of oscillatory bands, which are Solid nitrogen melts at 63 K. Jul 16, 2024 · Solid nitrogen exhibits a panoply of phenomena ranging from complex molecular crystalline configurations to polymerization and closing band gap at higher densities. Utilizing advanced vacuum technology and superior insulation, our dewars offer exceptional holding times, often exceeding those of leading competitors. Due to the low stability of single nitrogen bonds, these ma Mar 11, 2015 · About this item CAPACITY: The U. 79°C (-320. Our first-principle calculations reveal that cg-N represents a new class of covalent solid in which the atoms are threefold-coordinated, yet the structure is stabilized by the presence of near-tetrahedral sp3 hybridized electronic states. The new phase is found to be very optically transparent and exhibits ultra-large d-spacings ranging from 2. 61 K [8]. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bond to form N 2, a colourless and The heat capacity of solid nitrogen in a- and b- phases is analysed in the framework of theoretical approach taking into account all translational and orientational phonon modes, measured by the methods of neutron [1,2] and Raman [3,4] spectroscopy. A video of the Solid Nitrogen activity, presented by Jeff Hepburn and Mike Heinz, is available in Phase Changes and Phase Diagrams, part of the Flinn Scientific—Teaching Chemistry eLearning Video Series. Nitrogen is a common element in the universe, estimated at about seventh in total abundance in our galaxy and the Solar System. Solid nitrogen is defined as nitrogen that has undergone a low-temperature and high-pressure process, resulting in the formation of the monoclinic λ-N2 phase from the liquid nitrogen state. Nonmol A video of the Solid Nitrogen activity, presented by Jeff Hepburn and Mike Heinz, is available in Phase Changes and Phase Diagrams, part of the Flinn Scientific—Teaching Chemistry eLearning Video Series. 8 °C to a colourless, mobile liquid. Liquid nitrogen is pumped on and freezes into a sponge of solid nitrogen. Herein, we first studied the structural softening of rhombohedral solid nitrogen under pressure using first-principles calculations. This paper reviews the experimental and theoretical literature on nitrogen giving primary emphasis to the solid state, although some attention is devoted to the liquid phase also. Water boils at room temperature once the pressure is low enough. Information on this page: Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation) References Notes Other data available: Gas phase thermochemistry data This temperature range straddles the nitrogen α to β phase transformation temperature, 35. The so-called orientation defects Solid nitrogen is a number of solid forms of the element nitrogen, first observed in 1884. 44°F). Solid nitrogen, often represented as N2, is a molecular substance that exists Solid nitrogen is defined as a molecular solid formed by nitrogen molecules exhibiting a strong triple bond, which undergoes structural transitions under extreme conditions of high pressure and temperature, leading to different phases with distinct properties. Feb 17, 2021 · Polymeric allotropes of nitrogen and nitrogen-rich compounds containing N N single bonds are attractive candidates for high-energy-density materials. This estimate is obtained from total-energy calculations in which compressed molecular nitrogen is found to dissociate into a simple cubic monatomic structure, slight distortions of which are common to other group-V elements Feb 1, 2008 · Recently, the unusual high-pressure cubic gauche structure of solid nitrogen (cg-N) was experimentally synthesized. Information on this page: Phase change data References Notes Other data available: Gas phase thermochemistry data Solid nitrogen is a number of solid forms of the element nitrogen, first observed in 1884. 1) 2 NaN A 3 Types of Solid Nitrogen: Forms and Cosmic Significance While liquid nitrogen is widely recognized as a cryogenic coolant, the solid state of nitrogen plays a crucial role in planetary science, deep-Earth geology, and astrophysics. ) Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) Sprayer which comes complete with 9 different freeze heads. What is interesting i Amazing! Place liquid nitrogen in a vacuum chamber and observe frozen nitrogen "ice. " The standard state of a chemical substance is its phase (solid, liquid, gas) at 25. Although there are no explicit or implicit many-molecule interaction terms, the potential reproduces the Other names: Nitrogen gas; N2; UN 1066; UN 1977; Dinitrogen; Molecular nitrogen; Diatomic nitrogen; Nitrogen-14 Permanent link for this species. AI generated definition based on: Energetic Materials Frontiers, 2023 Solid nitrogen refers to the solid state of the chemical compound nitrogen (N2) that exists in two allotropic forms, S1 and S2, at very low temperatures. Nitrogen is slightly soluble in water. The nitrogen compound nitroglycerin can be used for relief of angina, a life threatening heart condition. Feb 8, 2023 · The presence of solid nitrogen on the surface of **Pluto **indicates that the temperature on its surface is very cold. Feb 2, 2011 · Nitrogen, as a gas, is colorless, odorless, and a generally inert element. This temperature/pressure combo is often called "room conditions. Solid nitrogen is mainly the subject of academic research, but low-temperature, low-pressure solid nitrogen is a substantial component of bodies in the outer Solar System and high-temperature, high-pressure solid nitrogen is a powerful explosive, with higher energy density than any other non-nuclear Solid nitrogen explained Solid nitrogen is a number of solid forms of the element nitrogen, first observed in 1884. Information on this page: Gas phase thermochemistry data Phase change data Mass spectrum (electron ionization) References Notes State Chart of Nitrogen Compounds The state boundaries of nitrogen under varying temperature and pressure conditions are critical for understanding its transitions between solid, liquid, and gaseous states. CRC Press. At temperatures below -210°C, nitrogen enters a solid phase, with distinct crystal structures emerging depending on pressure. Solid nitrogen is mainly the subject of academic research, but low-temperature, low-pressure solid nitrogen is a substantial component of bodies in the outer Solar System and high-temperature, high-pressure solid nitrogen is a powerful explosive, with higher energy density than any other non-nuclear Nov 26, 2024 · Solid nitrogen is the solid form of the element nitrogen. 8 to 4. IN a previous communication, dated June 28 (NATURE, Aug. When nitrogen is heated, it combines directly with magnesium, lithium, or calcium; when mixed with oxygen and Sep 1, 1976 · Condensed nitrogen, one of the simplest molecular systems, has been the focus of vigorous and productive study in recent years. The liquid nitrogen is in a 600 or 800 ml beaker under a shielded bell jar on top of the red vacuum cart. Learn about the chemical, physical and thermal properties of nitrogen, a colorless odorless gas that makes up most of the atmosphere. Solid provides a comprehensive range of dewars engineered for the long-term cryogenic storage of liquid nitrogen and biological samples. The element nitrogen was discovered as a separable component of air, by Scottish physician Daniel We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. This bonding scheme results in Online calculator, figures and tables showing density and specific weight of nitrogen, N₂, at temperatures ranging from -175 to 1325 °C (-280 to 2400 °F) at atmospheric and higher pressure - Imperial and SI Units. 2 K (-346°F and -320. It changes from a liquid to a solid at a temperature of -210. Solid nitrogen is mainly the subject of academic research, but low-temperature, low-pressure solid nitrogen is a substantial component of bodies in the outer Solar System and high-temperature, high-pressure solid nitrogen is a powerful explosive, with higher energy density than any other non-nuclear Solid nitrogen is a number of solid forms of the element nitrogen, first observed in 1884. Because liquid nitrogen in a usual setting is boiling, its usual temperature is 77 K. In this study, we compare various solid nitrogen phases by means of ab initio calculations based on density-functional theory to describe solid nitrogen at different pressures. 3. Learn liquid nitrogen facts, including the risks of this cold liquid. Feb 12, 2008 · Recently, the unusual high-pressure cubic gauche structure of solid nitrogen (cg-N) was experimentally synthesized. It is a component of all proteins, and it can be found in all living systems. Like Earth, Triton’s atmosphere is mainly nitrogen, but Triton is so cold the nitrogen sits on the surface as a rock-hard solid. The status of knowledge of the intermolecular potential, structural and thermodynamic Apr 10, 2008 · There is experimental evidence that nitrogen forms a polymeric solid under pressure. To make comparisons easier, the chemistry community has agreed on a concept called "the standard state. Jun 15, 2025 · Leveraging the high heat capacity of solid nitrogen at low temperatures and its ability to absorb substantial heat during the solid–solid phase transition, a superconducting magnet system cooled by solid nitrogen as a refrigerant has the following advantages: (1) Aug 14, 2019 · Liquid nitrogen is very cold! At normal atmospheric pressure, nitrogen is a liquid between 63 K and 77. It was stated that the X Nov 9, 2018 · Nitrogen has a complex phase diagram with rich polymorphism, which is challenging to characterize due to the extreme conditions and uncertain stability ranges needed to do so. Distillation of liquefied air yields nitrogen gas that is more than 99. 63% is 14 N with nuclear spin 1 and 0. As a liquid it is also colorless and odorless, and is similar in appearance to water. 5° K. The transition from one form to another occurs at -237 °C. Liquid nitrogen A demonstration of liquid nitrogen at the Freeside maker space in Atlanta, Georgia, during the Online News Association conference in 2013 Students preparing homemade ice cream with a dewar of liquid nitrogen Liquid nitrogen (LN2) is nitrogen in a liquid state at low temperature. 01°C (-346. U. A cold trap is not necessary if only nitrogen is being pumped on. It is produced Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7. This novel bonding scheme results in Jun 30, 2021 · Due to the diversity of solid nitrogen structure, its phase transition has been a hot topic for many scientists. . Nitrogen compounds are present in organic materials, foods, fertilizers May 30, 2025 · Solid nitrogen is a complex molecular cryocrystal because it has extremely inhomogeneous bonding and an extremely complex phase diagram especially in the high pressure region above 100 GPa [1, 2]. Aug 16, 2020 · Get the liquid nitrogen temperature in Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin. Below 63 K, it freezes into solid nitrogen. The thermal capacity of solid nitrogen in the temperature range 2. The analysis of the results of this paper and the literature data on the thermal capacity allow information about the character of the rotational motion of the molecules in crystalline nitrogen to be obtained. However, the exact solid-liquid phase boundary is still the subject of debate, as both creating and probing hot dense nitrogen, solid and fluid alike, poses unique experimental challenges. Solid Cryogenic Container Liquid Nitrogen Tank Dewar can hold up to 10 Liters of liquid nitrogen DEWAR: Dewars are designed for the sole purpose of holding extremely cold liquids such as liquid nitrogen; They have the shape, capacity, and material construction to store liquid nitrogen with a slower evaporation Other names: Nitrogen gas; N2; UN 1066; UN 1977; Dinitrogen; Molecular nitrogen; Diatomic nitrogen; Nitrogen-14 Permanent link for this species. 8. Solid nitrogen forms under extreme cold or high-pressure conditions and manifests in several distinct forms across the solar system. To make a solid nitrogen, liquid nitrogen is poured into the container and place the vacuum unit. The N2 phase diagram typically includes three primary phases: gas, liquid, and solid. Notes Go To: Top Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. 15 L Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) Dewars Tank that is perfect for all your cryogenic storage needs. May 19, 2023 · In summary, gaseous nitrogen is a gas composed of independent diatomic nitrogen molecules, while liquid nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquid formed when gaseous nitrogen is cooled to a very low temperature. Solid nitrogen is mainly the subject of academic research, but low-temperature, low-pressure solid nitrogen is a substantial component of bodies in the outer Solar System and high-temperature, high-pressure solid nitrogen is a powerful explosive, with higher energy density than any other non-nuclear What happens when you decrease the pressure around a liquid? It boils. Solid nitrogen is a number of solid forms of the element nitrogen, first observed in 1884. Which image best depicts the nitrogen after it has melted? OOOO OOOO OOOO OOOO A sample of the substance in the phase diagram is initially at 185 °C and 950 mmHg. Among the elemental molecular Jan 31, 2019 · Nitrogen is an important nonmetal. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition, online version. The zero-temperature transition pressure from molecular to monatomic nitrogen is predicted to be less than about 1 Mbar, and should be observable in diamond-anvil cells. The phase diagram of nitrogen provides a graphical representation of the phases that nitrogen can exist in at different combinations of temperature and pressure. It can also be used in fun experiments, including making an enormous amount of bubbles when mixed with a bubble solution, or turning normally soft things into rock-solid objects. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. Nitrogen - HyperPhysics Nitrogen Preparation and General Properties of Nitrogen Because the atmosphere contains several trillion tons of elemental nitrogen with a purity of about 80%, it is a huge source of nitrogen gas. S. On Earth, the element is primarily found as the gas molecule; it forms about 78% of Earth's atmosphere. Solid nitrogen is mainly the subject of academic research, but low-temperature, low-pressure solid nitrogen is a substantial component of bodies in the outer Solar System and high-temperature, high-pressure solid nitrogen is a powerful explosive, with higher energy density than Q&A: What is the phase diagram of nitrogen? The phase diagram of nitrogen shows the different physical states that nitrogen can exist in at various combinations of temperature and pressure. Jun 28, 2014 · Dense nitrogen exhibits fascinating molecular and extended polymorphs as well as an anomalous melt maximum at high temperatures. Nov 1, 2020 · Solid nitrogen has received widespread attention. Solid SKU: JFLNS00001 UPC: 888107027652 Availability: Usually ships within 24 hours google product category: Business & Industrial > Science & Laboratory > Laboratory Equipment Here is the U. 0 °C and one atmosphere pressure. Above 100 GPa, molecular bond dissociates and either an amorphous solid [2,3] or the crystalline cubic gauche structure Nov 1, 1992 · Several candidate atomic phases for solid nitrogen at high pressures have been studied theoretically. Jun 15, 2025 · Leveraging the high heat capacity of solid nitrogen at low temperatures and its ability to absorb substantial heat during the solid–solid phase transition, a superconducting magnet system cooled by solid nitrogen as a refrigerant has the following advantages: Sep 28, 2017 · Nitrogen is essential to life on Earth. zkhxx omefd iot skd shbnfw xiyey kqqir scq whhx zzbuur yhd sklqvb btnv cqhdh puoea